A variety of defined functions, such as memory, attention, executive control and information processing, form human cognition. Cognitive function can be affected by pathological events, such as psychiatric disorders and neurological diseases, but also by ordinary events such as healthy aging and lack of sleep. Cognitive impairment can be extremely debilitating and dangerous in some cases. Individuals working long hours (e.g. soldiers, doctors, lorry drivers) run risks when their cognitive function declines. On the other hand, individuals suffering from neurodegenerative diseases often experience fluctuating cognitive function, causing frustration to both patient and caregivers. In both cases, an estimate of decline from normal cognitive function of individuals is beneficial.
Cognitive function is currently measured through the administration of cognitive tests by trained professionals. However, this assessment of cognition is not feasible on a daily basis, due to cost and time constraints and furthermore due to a learning bias, i.e. a learning effect acquired through repeated exposure to specific cognitive tests. Hence the need for a supplementary estimation of cognition for repeated assessments.
Cognitive function has repeatedly been correlated with different sleep measures, as well as with other neurophysiological markers. Measures have until now been acquired with modalities such as electroencephalography (EEG), which usually requires the presence of trained staff to apply scalp electrodes on the subject and to record the brain signals. Recently, advances have been made in the development of a user-friendly ear-EEG system, which liberates the subjects from the clinics. This progress enables EEG recordings in a home environment, and furthermore allows for more long-term recordings.
In this research project, the connection between cognitive function and neurophysiological markers is investigated. The study will be conducted as two sub-studies. The first one will investigate the relationship between resting electrical brain activity and cognitive performance during 24-hour sleep deprivation. In the second study, the sleep and cognition of two groups of individuals will be monitored for an extended period. Additionally, sleep interventions are planned during the monitoring period to induce measurable cognitive impairment.
The development of a tool that estimates cognitive function is proposed as a supporting tool for healthy individuals at risk for cognitive decline daily to alleviate dangerous situations, as well as for patients and their caregivers to bridge the gap between them, as communication can sometimes be difficult.
The project is funded by the Innovation Foundation, UNEEG medical A/S and the William Demant Foundation.
